Between the hour-glass figure and the little black dress, for a     few years before the First World War, Paul Poiret made some of the     most innovative dresses of the 20th century. This forgotten genius,     who would die in poverty, almost single-handedly liberated women     from the corset, created the world's first designer perfume and     was the first couturier to branch out into interior design.
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| Poiret dressed Peggy Guggenheim (left), and created      the world's first designer perfume | 
His reign was heartbreakingly brief. At the turn of the last     century dresses were rigidly fitted to a woman's form, the bum     jutted out, the breast jutted forward. A woman's outfit     resembled not so much clothing as upholstery, topped with horsehair     wigs. 
In photographs women appear buried under their clothes, a small     oval of face under dyed, frizzed, artificial fringes, and perhaps an     expanse of bosom peering out from the textile immolation. Decoration     lay heavily over decoration, and a woman's true shape was     unimaginable. 
No wonder the rich required maids to help them undress, to unhook     bodices, corsets, button boots. Edwardian outfits were completely     unsuitable for the decades to come, for world wars, for the     emancipation of women that would follow, for the speed of the motor     car and the thrill of flight.
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Influenced by the Orient, Poiret set up his own house in 1903 and     two years later married Denise Boulet, a young provincial girl who     was said never to have worn a corset or high collar. Her slim     figure, like a lance in repose, one observer remarked, became the     template for a Poiret garment. 
A fragment of film from 1911 shows her looking utterly different     from the crowd among which she moves - as well as being married to a     designer, she was always her own stylist.
With Boulet as his muse, Poiret created dresses and coats that     fell from the shoulders, and instead of being fitted to the body,     flowed along its natural lines. In inspiration they were a throwback     to the style of the Directoire, the period of the Empire line 100     years earlier, but they were not pallid imitations; they cancelled     every rule of clothing to create the foundations for what we think     of as modern dress.
 
 
Culottes, harem pants, shifts, dresses cut on the lines of a     chemise - his imagination stopped nowhere and prefigured almost     every design innovation to come, except for what would follow from     the House of Chanel - the severe, the uniform, the pared-back black     dress. 
For Poiret adored sumptuous fabrics and peacock colours; he     described throwing into the 'sheepcote' of pastels 'a     few rough wolves: reds, greens, violets, royal blues that made all     the rest sing aloud'. Boulet would step out in a wig of     kingfisher blue and viridian-green stockings.
Everything he touched was revolutionary: he seems to have invented     that brief 1960s fad, the baby-doll nightdress; he made dresses with     asymmetrical shoulders; he introduced the hobble skirt and, even     more startlingly, the lampshade dress - a triangular tent with     fringes hanging from the bottom, which, as American Vogue would     write, every woman in the country had bought.
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